A seventeen-year-old boy, who had sustained a type-II supracondylar fracture of the right humerus when he was seven years old and had been treated with a splint without reduction, showed a mild lack of flexion and a mild cubitus varus deformity with a clinical carrying angle 12° lower than the contralateral side on clinical examination. The patient complained of mild discomfort when lifting weights at the gym. Instability maneuvers were negative. The MEPS was 85 points, and the QuickDASH score was 34.1 points. The result was classified as unsatisfactory.

Percentage of rejected studies published over time.

The evaluation and treatment algorithm following nerve injury has three critical time points: two weeks, three months, and nine months. These time points correspond with periods of specific evaluation, intervention, and management. OT = occupational therapy, EMG = electromyography, and NCS = nerve conduction velocity studies.

The myofibroblast is considered central in the pathogenesis of posttraumatic elbow stiffness. Multiple complex interactions may exist in influencing the differentiation and activity of myofibroblasts. +ve = stimulates, −ve = inhibits, MSC = mesenchymal stem cell, and TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor-α.

Flow diagram for enrollment and analysis.

Probability of developing an elbow flexion contracture according to age at skeletal maturity and sex. The association between sex and the probability of elbow flexion contracture was not significant. *Denotes the age of skeletal maturity for boys and for girls.

Graphs showing the shoulder and elbow flexion-extension joint curves for four upper extremity tasks. Kinematic data from the affected limb are shown in red; data for the unaffected limb are shown in green. The values are given as the mean and one standard error.

Elbow dislocation occurrence by age and sex.

The number of total elbow arthroplasties performed in New York State by year. There is a significant trend for a greater number of total elbow arthroplasties being performed over time (p < 0.01).

The hanging arm test. The supinated forearm is extended with a bump under the humerus. When the elbow is evaluated fluoroscopically from a lateral view, maintenance of concentric reduction with the weight of the hand and forearm acting as a dislocating force indicates stability.