Detailed diagram of patient selection. BS = bone scanning, CT = computed tomography, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, and pts = patients.

Fig. 1-A The supraspinatus muscle-tendon-humerus interface after dissection. For orientation, the supraspinatus muscle is seen superiorly and the humerus is seen inferiorly. Fig. 1-B The supraspinatus muscle-tendon-humerus unit was embedded in a polyvinylchloride tube filled with polymethylmethacrylate. The supraspinatus tendon was glued to two pieces of sandpaper to increase the coefficient of friction at the tendon grip of the materials testing machine.

Schematic illustration of the direct coaptation of the contralateral C7 nerve with the lower trunk (performed in all of the patients in this series) and the transfer of the contralateral C7 nerve to the musculocutaneous nerve through the bridging medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (performed in some patients). 1 = contralateral C7 nerve root, 2 = lower trunk, 3 = medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, 4 = ulnar nerve, 5 = median nerve, 6 = lateral cord of median nerve, 7 = medial cord of median nerve, 8 = musculocutaneous nerve, 9 = lateral cord, 10 = posterior cord, 11 = radial nerve, 12 = axillary nerve, 13 = posterior division of lower trunk, 14 = C8 nerve root, and 15 = T1 nerve root.

Schematic block diagram illustrating the ACL Clinical Pathway with perioperative steps for patients and guidelines for providers. NMCSD = Naval Medical Center San Diego, ACLR = anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists, d/c = discharge, OR = operating room, PT = physical therapy, rehab = rehabilitation, PACU = post-anesthesia care unit, POD = postoperative day, s/p = status post, H&P = history and physical, Rx = prescription, and abx = antibiotics.

Photograph depicting a simple measurement technique for identifying the center of the femoral ACL attachment when viewed at 90° of knee flexion²⁸. A vertical line (long arrow) is drawn from the lowest point of the condyle, and the center of the ACL footprint (short arrow) is 8.7 mm superior and 1.7 mm posterior to that point. (Reproduced, with permission, from: Davis AD, Steiner ME. Simple guidelines for anatomic femoral tunnel placement in ACL reconstruction. Paper read at the Annual Meeting of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine. 2012 Jul 12-15; Baltimore, MD.)

Figs. 1-A through 1-D Features of slide-based disclosure data.

To determine the posterior tibial slope, a line is drawn down the longitudinal axis of the tibia on a true lateral radiograph. Then a line is drawn from the peak anterior and posterior points on the medial tibial plateau. The posterior tibial slope is defined as the angle between the line joining the tibial plateau and the line perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.

A decrease in the level of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) at two and six weeks postinjury and an increase in the level of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) at six weeks postinjury, compared with the levels in the intact tendon, suggested the presence of oxidative stress during the development of restrictive tendon adhesion (Fig. 1-A). The local administration of vitamin C immediately after the operation significantly increased the level of GSH, whereas no significant change was observed in the level of GSSG, when compared with that in the saline solution group (Fig. 1-B). In the boxplot, the top and bottom of the rectangles indicate the 75th percentile and the 25th percentile, respectively; the horizontal lines within the rectangles indicate the median; and the top and bottom of the I bars indicate the 95th percentile and the 5th percentile, respectively.

Flow diagram of children included in the study.

Figs. 1-A through 1-D Ultrasonographic scans of the shoulder. B = bicipital long head tendon, D = deltoid muscle, G = greater tuberosity, H = humerus, L = lesser tuberosity, S = synovitis. Fig. 1-A Ventral transverse ultrasonographic scan showing a normal bicipital long head tendon (arrow) within its tendon sheath in a bicipital groove. Fig. 1-B Ventral transverse scan showing bicipital tenosynovitis with target sign. Fig. 1-C Ventral transverse scan showing grade-2 hyperemia of bicipital tenosynovitis by means of power Doppler (with vessel signals in fewer than half of the area of the synovium). Fig. 1-D Ventral sagittal scan showing a longitudinal bicipital tendon with hypertrophic synovium.