The top panel shows an apparatus (A) for making a suture loop. A single loop (B) is wrapped around a 30-mm-diameter rod (C) and an adjacent 3-mm-diameter rod (D). The purpose of adding the small rod is to permit easy removal of the suture loop from the large rod after withdrawal of the small rod. A 1-kg weight (E) is tied to the knot. The bottom panel illustrates a 4-throw square knot and a TSOL knot.

A scatterplot showing the residual femoral abduction angle compared with the residual limb ratio, in which a negative femoral axis angle indicates abduction.

The experimental setup for measurement of friction between the tendon and proximal pulley. The weight was 500 g.

Flow diagram showing the identification of potentially applicable studies and evaluation of their eligibility.

Initial and twelve-month outcome scores for patients with (PD) and those without (NPD) a psychological diagnosis undergoing a total knee arthroplasty.

Figs. 1-A through 1-E Overview of the active mobilization protocol, the two passive mobilization protocols, and the two experimental passive mobilization models used in the present study. The bottom row shows a typical example of absolute hand flexor tendon excursions, surrounding tissue motion, and relative tendon excursions obtained during the corresponding mobilization protocols and experimental models shown in the top and middle rows. Fig. 1-A The active four-finger mobilization protocol. Fig. 1-B The passive four-finger mobilization protocol. Fig. 1-C The modified Kleinert mobilization protocol. Fig. 1-D The experimental modified Kleinert flexion mobilization model. Fig. 1-E The experimental modified Kleinert extension mobilization model.

Illustration depicting the timeline of the decision-making process and the factors that participants considered in the decision to undergo amputation.

American Knee Society (AKS) pain and function subscores and Oxford Knee Score (OKS) as recorded by the patient and the clinician. Patients self-reported significantly greater pain and worse function on the AKS than the clinician recorded but a similar OKS.

Diagram illustrating the distribution of specimens in the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) arm in Phase II. The 140 specimens were split into five equal groups of twenty-eight specimens to be treated with povidone-iodine, 4% chlorhexidine gluconate, 70% isopropyl alcohol with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, or normal saline solution as well as a control group that received no further treatment (Rx). The number of fragments in each group is shown in parentheses. The Bacillus and Corynebacterium arms were similar, except that a total of 100 fragments were used in each arm.

Flow diagram of participant progress through the randomized controlled trial. COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.