Kaplan-Meier survival curve for the proportion of boys in whom a curve of ≥20° did not develop at each year following the enrollment in the trial. There was a significant difference (p = 5.8 × 10⁻⁷) in the chance of a curve of ≥20° developing between the treatment and non-treatment groups. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals are given for all of the points following enrollment in this study.

The method of bone volume evaluation. Fig. 1-A A scout radiograph. Fig. 1-B An axial CT scan. Fig. 1-C Image made after region-of-interest (ROI) setting with the attached software (LaTheta v3.22). First, CT scans of L4-L5 were performed. Second, the ROI setting was defined as follows: (i) indicates the upper end of the L4 transverse process; (ii), the lower end of the L5 transverse process; (iii), the connecting line between the attachment of L4 transverse processes and L5 transverse processes; and (iv), the outermost part of the transverse processes. Third, ROI was automatically configured in the red color and bone volume was calculated with the software.

Illustration showing the sites and extent of the unilateral unsegmented bar in 171 patients.

Linear rim penetration was increased for retrieved Charité total disc replacement components exhibiting severe impingement. Provided are boxed ranges of the 25th to 75th percentile and whiskers showing the 1st and 4th quartiles. The length of the whiskers is equal to 1.5 times the box height; anything outside of this range is considered an outlier and is shown as an open circle. Representative images are also provided to illustrate both impingement classifications. A significant difference between impingement groups was determined with use of independent t tests.

The CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) diagram. ICBG = iliac crest bone graft.

Detailed diagram of patient selection. BS = bone scanning, CT = computed tomography, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, and pts = patients.

Distribution of patients with atypical numbers of vertebrae.

Application of motor evoked potential (MEP) electrodes and recording of amplitudes. A pair of stainless-steel needle electrodes separated by approximately 3 cm was inserted in each target muscle, and the MEP signals were visualized on a transcranial electrical stimulation (TES)-MEP monitor.

Fig. 1-A A thirteen-year-old girl with a 53° lumbar curve and a 30° thoracic idiopathic curve preoperatively. Fig. 1-B Radiographs made three weeks after surgery. Fig. 1-C Radiographs made twenty-three years after surgery.

Algorithm for patients included in the study. VBS = vertebral body stenting and BKP = balloon kyphoplasty.