Gastrocnemius recession with the Strayer procedure (Fig. 1-A) and the modified Strayer procedure, which combines distal gastrocnemius recession with soleal fascial lengthening (S.F.L.) (Fig. 1-B). Both are Zone-1 procedures. Recurrent equinus was managed with lengthening of the gastrocnemius-soleus complex fascia, according to the method described by Vulpius and Stoffel³⁴ (Zone-2 procedure) (Fig. 1-C).

Detailed diagram of patient selection. BS = bone scanning, CT = computed tomography, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, and pts = patients.

Fig. 1-A The supraspinatus muscle-tendon-humerus interface after dissection. For orientation, the supraspinatus muscle is seen superiorly and the humerus is seen inferiorly. Fig. 1-B The supraspinatus muscle-tendon-humerus unit was embedded in a polyvinylchloride tube filled with polymethylmethacrylate. The supraspinatus tendon was glued to two pieces of sandpaper to increase the coefficient of friction at the tendon grip of the materials testing machine.

A line graph showing the surgical site infection timeline of all infections (n = 78). Sixty-seven percent of surgical site infections were documented during the first thirty days and 90% were identified within the first six months following surgery.

Demonstration of the surgical technique on a bone model. An intramedullary Kirschner wire is passed through the fibular graft, and the graft-and-Kirschner-wire construct is used to fill the bone gap.

Diagram illustrating setup of the apparatus for controlling pelvic rotation and tilt. An enclosure was constructed for the cadaveric pelvis to facilitate precise rotation and tilting. This comprised a box with a position-pointing device and three wooden wedges to allow accurate rotation and tilting of the flat baseboard by ±5°, ±10°, and ±15°. Relevant anatomical landmarks such as the vertebral body of S1 and the anterior superior iliac spines were left prominently displayed outside the foam fixation. These landmarks were subsequently used to center the x-ray beam on the pelvis.

Fig. 1-A A thirteen-year-old girl with a 53° lumbar curve and a 30° thoracic idiopathic curve preoperatively. Fig. 1-B Radiographs made three weeks after surgery. Fig. 1-C Radiographs made twenty-three years after surgery.

Figs. 1-A through 1-D Features of slide-based disclosure data.

Fig. 1-A In a normal hip, the fovea capitis femoris is caudal to the weight-bearing area of the acetabulum. Fig. 1-B In dysplastic hips, because of the extreme valgus, the fovea can extend into the weight-bearing area, reducing the loaded articular cartilage surface. The fovea-acetabular angle is defined as the angle formed by a line from the femoral head center to the medial edge of the weight-bearing zone of the acetabulum (reference line) and a line from the femoral head center to the superior edge of the fovea capitis femoris. The value of the fovea-acetabular angle is positive if the superior edge of the fovea capitis femoris lies caudal to the medial edge of the weight-bearing zone of the acetabulum (Fig. 1-A). It becomes negative if the superior edge of the fovea capitis femoris lies cranial to the medial edge of the weight-bearing zone of the acetabulum (Fig. 1-B).

Flowchart of the Children’s Medical Center of Dallas guideline for the evaluation and treatment of suspected pediatric osetomyelitis. Abx = antibiotics, CRP = C-reactive protein, DVT = deep venous thrombosis, ESR = erythrocyte sedimentation rate, IV = intravenous, LE = lower extremity, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, MRSA = methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRV = magnetic resonance venography, NPO = nil per os (nothing by mouth), PICC = peripherally inserted central catheter, SPE = septic pulmonary embolism, and TTWB = toe-touch weight-bearing.