The CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) diagram. ICBG = iliac crest bone graft.

Diagram displaying the protocol for study 1. SSC = skeletal stem cells.

Study design and sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) treatment protocols.

Radiographs showing treatment of a large bone defect with the two-staged technique of bone-grafting. Fig. 1-A An antibiotic cement spacer stabilized with internal fixation after bone resection. Fig. 1-B Four weeks later, the spacer was removed and the granulation tissue cavity was filled with cancellous autograft bone. Fig. 1-C Newly formed bone two months after bone-grafting.

Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of control (Figs. 1-A and 1-B) and experimental (Figs. 1-C and 1-D) nerves three weeks after placement of rhBMP-2. Lower-magnification images showed normal fascicular structure with perineurium separating the fascicles and epineurium surrounding the nerve. Blood vessels of various sizes can be seen within the epineurium and within some fascicles. Higher-magnification images demonstrate both transverse and longitudinally oriented nerve fibers. The appearance of control and experimental tissues was similar in the one-week group. One rat in the three-week group (Figs. 1-E and 1-F) showed focal neuronal degeneration with homogenization of the nervous tissues (asterisk). This same rat demonstrated solid myelin sheaths without axons in toluidine blue-stained sections (see Figs. 3-G and 3-H). Scale bar = 200 μm in Figs. 1-A, 1-C, and 1-E. Scale bar = 50 μm in Figs. 1-B, 1-D, and 1-F.

Mean number of authors per publication in JBJS-A and JBJS-B original articles.

Ectopic bone induction at four weeks by SVAK-12. There was a dose-dependent increase in the rhBMP-2-induced bone formation as evidenced by the increasing mean bone scores with increasing doses of SVAK-12. Significant differences compared with implants treated with the vehicle (DMSO)—i.e., the control group—were found at the 100, 250, and 500-μg doses of SVAK-12 (*p < 0.02). Typical radiographs of the ectopic ossicles in the various treatment groups are shown below their respective bone scores. The radiopaque areas of the SVAK-12-treated groups (25, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 750 μg/100 μL) were larger and more dense than those in the control group.

Radiographs of patients diagnosed with atypical femoral fractures. The radiographic features of an atypical femoral fracture include a common location in the subtrochanteric (Fig. 1-A) or femoral shaft region (Fig. 1-B), transverse or short oblique fracture configurations, absence of comminution, a medial spike (asterisks), localized periosteal thickening of the lateral cortex (black arrowheads), and generalized thickening of the femoral cortices (white arrows).

Percent improvement in radiographic parameters over time is shown graphically with statistical comparisons between groups. Individual p values for TCP and TCP/BM reflect the significant changes over time for each parameter in each group. P values for TCP versus TCP/BM reflect differences between the two groups, which were not significant for any of the parameters. TCP = ultraporous β-tricalcium phosphate alone, and TCP/BM = ultraporous β-tricalcium phosphate combined with bone marrow aspirate.

Drawing showing the principal design characteristics of the three femoral prostheses studied.