Example #1: In a study involving 291 aspirations performed in 260 patients being considered for revision hip arthroplasty, there were six true-positive, thirty-three false-positive, 248 true-negative, and four false-negative results52. The prevalence of infection in this cohort was about 2%.
Example #2: In a study involving sixty-nine patients with a total knee prosthesis causing symptoms, there were eleven true-positive, forty-seven true-negative, two false-positive, and nine false-negative results53. The prevalence of infection in this cohort was about 16%.
Use of conventional equations yields a positive predictive value of 15.4% for the first example and 84.6% for the second example. The Bayesian positive predictive values are 9.7% and 71.9%.
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