RT Journal A1 TornettaIII, Paul A1 Siegel, Jodi A1 McKay, Paula A1 Bhandari, Mohit T1 Authorship and Ethical Considerations in the Conduct of Observational Studies JF The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery JO The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery YR 2009 FD May 1 VO 91 IS Supplement_3 SP 61 OP 67 DO 10.2106/JBJS.H.01538 UL http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.H.01538 AB Surgeons who participate in research studies frequently struggle with a number of challenges when determining authorship of the publications that arise from their research. Furthermore, new concerns relating to who receives credit and who takes responsibility have emerged with the increase in multicenter research collaborations. This paper provides a discussion of the importance of authorship and outlines a number of ethical issues that commonly arise when determining the author byline. We also present some strategies, such as publishing under group authorship, listing individual author contributions, and revising the mechanism for acknowledging nonauthor contributions, that have the potential to improve authorship and publication practices.