RT Journal
A1 Goldfarb, Charles A.
A1 Sathienkijkanchai, Achara
A1 Robin, Nathaniel H.
T1 Amniotic Constriction Band: A Multidisciplinary Assessment of Etiology and Clinical Presentation
JF The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery
JO The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery
YR 2009
FD July 1
VO 91
IS Supplement_4
SP 68
OP 75
DO 10.2106/JBJS.I.00339
UL http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.I.00339
AB 
Amniotic constriction band, first described in 1832 by Montgomery1, is one term used to describe a wide range of associated congenital anomalies, including anular constrictions of multiple extremities, oligodactyly, acrosyndactyly, talipes equinovarus, cleft lip and cleft palate, and hemangiomas. Additional, less common clinical manifestations include complete absence of the limb, short umbilical cord, craniofacial disruptions, neural tube defects, cranial defects, scoliosis, and body-wall defects, such as gastroschisis and extrathoracic heart. Some of these manifestations are uncommonly noted at birth because they result in spontaneous abortion2-5.