RT Journal
A1 Smith, John T.
A1 Novais, Eduardo
T1 Treatment of Gibbus Deformity Associated with Myelomeningocele in the Young Child with Use of the Vertical Expandable Prosthetic Titanium Rib (VEPTR)A Case Report
JF The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery
JO The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery
YR 2010
FD September 15
VO 92
IS 12
SP 2211
OP 2215
DO 10.2106/JBJS.I.00856
UL http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.I.00856
AB 
Approximately 8% to 21% of patients with myelomeningocele have an associated kyphotic deformity, most commonly in the upper lumbar or thoracolumbar area1-3. The natural history of congenital rigid kyphosis, or gibbus deformity, is rapid progression in early childhood1-6. The apex of the deformity is most frequently located in the middle and upper lumbar spine3,7 and is associated with vertebral anomalies, a sharp apical angulation, and the potential for skin breakdown over the deformity. It is the most common type of kyphosis associated with myelomeningocele4.