TY  - JOUR
T1  - Sports-Related Concussion: Assessment and Management
AU  - Ma, Richard
AU  - Miller, Chealon D.
AU  - Hogan, MaCalus V.
AU  - Diduch, B. Kent
AU  - Carson, Eric W.
AU  - Miller, Mark D.
Y1  - 2012/09/05
N1  - 10.2106/JBJS.K.01127
JO  - The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery
SP  - 1618
EP  - 1627
VL  - 94
IS  - 17
N2  - Most major U.S. professional sports and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) have adopted concussion policies. Current National Football League and NCAA guidelines do not permit an athlete with a concussion to return to play on the same day as the injury. No adolescent or high-school athletes with a concussion should be allowed to return to play on the same day regardless of severity.Loss of consciousness is uncommon with concussion.Acute concussion symptoms are generally self-limited, and most symptoms typically resolve within two weeks. Concussion risk and severity may be affected by age, sex, and genetic predisposition.Athletes with a concussion should rest physically and cognitively until symptoms have resolved at rest and with exertion. Rehabilitation following concussion progresses through a stepwise graded fashion.Neuropsychological testing can provide objective data on an athlete after a concussion. However, it alone cannot be used to diagnose a concussion or determine when an athlete is allowed to return to play.Retirement from contact or collision sports may be necessary for an athlete who has sustained multiple concussions or has a history of prolonged symptoms after concussions.Long-term effects of concussions are still relatively unknown, and further research is required to offer guidance for athletes of all levels.
SN  - 0021-9355
M3  - doi: 10.2106/JBJS.K.01127
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.K.01127
ER  -