TY  - JOUR
T1  - Molecular Regulation of Limb Growth
AU  - Lyons, Karen
AU  - Ezaki, Marybeth
Y1  - 2009/07/01
N1  - 10.2106/JBJS.I.00240
JO  - The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery
SP  - 47
EP  - 52
VL  - 91
IS  - Supplement_4
N2  - 
The ingenious work of Riddle et al.1, Tickle2, and others in manipulating limbs in chick embryos provided the basic understanding of limb development. It was such work that defined the terms as well as the role of the apical ectodermal ridge, the progress zone, and the zone of polarizing activity in patterning early limb development. Embryology has moved beyond the primitive understanding of which structures form when, into the molecular realm of developmental biology and genetics. As the signaling pathways for limb differentiation become well understood at a molecular level, morphological anomalies in limbs are seen as patterning errors and offer clues to the role of both genetic and epigenetic effects.

SN  - 0021-9355
M3  - doi: 10.2106/JBJS.I.00240
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.I.00240
ER  -